APPLICATION

Dairy, Meat, Health & Personal Care, Household Products

FUNCTIONAL USES

Gelling, Thickening, Stabilizing

SPECIFICATION
SYNONYMS	Irish moss gelose (from Chondrus spp.); Eucheuman (from Eucheuma spp.); Iridophycan (from Iridaea spp.); Hypnean (from Hypnea spp.); Furcellaran or Danish agar (from Furcellaria fastigiata); INS No. 407.
DEFINITION	A substance with hydrocolloid properties obtained from certain members of the class Rhodophyceae (red seaweeds). Carrageenan is a hydrocolloid consisting mainly of the ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium sulfate esters of galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose polysaccharides. These hexoses are alternately linked α-1,3 and β-1,4 in the copolymer. The relative proportions of cations existing in carrageenan may be changed during processing to the extent that one may become predominant. The prevalent polysaccharides in carrageenan are designated as kappa-, iota-, and lambda-carrageenan. Kappa-carrageenan is mostly the alternating polymer of D-galactose-4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose; iota-carrageenan is similar, except that the 3,6-anhydrogalactose is sulfated at carbon 2. Between kappa-carrageenan and iota-carrageenan there is a continuum of intermediate compositions differing in degree of sulfation at carbon 2. In lambda-carrageenan, the alternating monomeric units are mostly D-galactose-2-sulfate (1,3-linked) and D-galactose-2,6-disulfate (1,4-linked).
C.A.S. number	9000-07-1
DESCRIPTION	Yellowish or tan to white, coarse to fine powder that is practically odourless.
FUNCTIONAL USES	Thickener, gelling agent, stabilizer, emulsifier
LOSS ON DRYING	Not more than 12% (105o to constant weight)
pH	Between 8 and 11 (1 in 100 suspension)
Viscosity	Not less than 5 cp at 75o (1.5% solution)
Sulfate	Not less than 15% and not more than 40% (as SO42-) on a dry weight basis
Total ash	Not less than 15% and not more than 40% on a dry weight basis
Acid-insoluble ash	Not more than 1%
Acid-insoluble matter	Not more than 2%
Residual solvents	Not more than 0.1% of ethanol, isopropanol, or methanol, singly or in combination
Microbiological criteria	Total (aerobic) plate count: Not more than 5000 cfu/g Salmonella spp.: Negative per test E. coli: Negative in 1 g
Arsenic	Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead	Not more than 5 mg/kg
Cadmium	Not more than 2 mg/kg
Mercury	Not more than 1 mg/kg

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PACKING & STORAGE

Packing	25 Kg, Paper Bags with inner PE liner Bags
Shelf Life	2 Years After Manufacturing Date, Under Recommended Conditions
Storage	Cold And Dry Conditions, Sealed Packaging